Ок. Пойдем по списку. Арабские страны. Север Африки. Красные на карте sch.
Toxoplasmosis in Morocco
Seroprevalence surveys:
51.5% of pregnant women (Casablanca, 1984 publication)
64% of the population of Ceuta (1992 publication)
Toxoplasmosis in Libya
Seroprevalence surveys:
40% to 50% of adults and 63.3% of pregnant women in Bengazi (1991 publication)
51.6% of adult males, 43.4% of adult females, and 43.7% schoolchildren in Tripoli (1987 publication)
Toxoplasmosis in Egypt
Seroprevalence surveys:
59.6% of blood donors (Mansoura, 2009 publication)
57.9% of randomly tested individuals in Qualyobia Governorate (2002 publication)
46.5% to 57.6% of pregnant women in Qualyobia Governorate (2007 to 2008)
43% of rural pregnant women (1996 publication)
65% of pregnant women (1993 publication)
43% of rural pregnant women (1996 publication)
45.8% of pregnant and 41.4% of non-pregnant women in El Fayoum Governorate (2005 to 2006)
51.49% of pregnant women and 10.75% of cattle in northern Egypt (2009 publication)
36.8% of renal failure patients not on hemodialysis, 16.7% of regular hemodialysis patients and 24.1% of renal transplant recipients (IgG, 2009 publication)
Бордовая на карте sch ЮВАзия:
Toxoplasmosis in Thailand
Seroprevalence surveys:
3.2% of healthy persons
4.6% of blood donors (Chiang Mai, 1984)
6.4% of blood donors (Khon Kaen, 1989)
9.3% of blood donors (Loei Province, 2000 publication)
23.2% of HIV-positive persons (2000 publication)
53.7% of HIV-positive and 5.3% of HIV-negative women (Bangkok, 2002)
11.5% of kidney transplant recipients
31% of uveitis in non-HIV infected patients (2009 publication)
9.1% for of Akka aborigines, 37.9% of Yau aborigines and 7.9% of Han people in mountainous areas of Chiang Rai (2003)
12 to 13% of pregnant women (Bangkok and Khonkaen, 1991).
6.4% of cat owners and 7.3% of their cats (Bangkok, 2003 publication) !!!
Toxoplasmosis in Malaysia
21% of healthy blood donors
46.2% of Nepalese migrant workers in Malaysia (2008 publication)
28.1% to 44.4% of HIV-positive patients (Kuala Lumpur, 2004 publication)
49% of pregnant women (2003 publication)
Toxoplasmosis in Singapore
Seroprevalence surveys:
15% of healthy adults.
57% of pregnant women (1991 publication)
17.2% of pregnant women (2000 publication)
51.2% of AIDS patients (2003 publication)
Toxoplasmosis in Indonesia
Seroprevalence surveys:
36.9% of the general population (1982 to 1994)
64% of persons on East Java (1992 to 1993)
7% in Iryan Jaya (1972)
3.1% of children on Bali (1993 publication)
9.7% to 51% in rural South Kalimantan (Borneo)
40% of females and 50% of females above age 10 in Surabaya
Желтая Франция и оранжевая Польша в ЕС:
Тоxoplasmosis in France
Seroprevalence surveys:
90% or more of adults
43.8% of pregnant women (1995 to 2003)
47% of villagers in Lorraine region (2009 publication)
36% of lambs and in 61% of ewes slaughtered in Haute-Vienne district (2006 publication)
33% to 55% of wild boar (Sus scrofa) on Corsica (2010 publication)
17.7% of lambs and 89% of adult sheep (2009 publication)
18.6% of urban stray cats (Reims, 1993 to 2004)
79% of Eurasian Buzzards, 50% of Tawny Owls and 11% of Barn Owls (2008 publication)
Toxoplasmosis in Poland
54.4% of pregnant women in Przodkowo commune (2009 publication)
43.7% in 2000
35.81% of pregnant women in Warsaw - 0.29% develop infection during pregnancy (2000)
43.4% of pregnant women in Lodz (1998)
41.3% of pregnant women in Lodz (1998 to 2003)
Жуткая страна. Миллиарды крыс. Оплот мировой антисанитарии. Один Ганг чего стоит…Индия:
Toxoplasmosis in India
Seroprevalence surveys:
24.3% of the general population, with highest rates in the south (2007 publication)
23.8% in Calcutta
20.3% of blood donors in Karnataka (2004 to 2005)
11.6% of pregnant women in Delhi (1999 publication)
13.1% of pregnant women in Hyderabad (IgM, 2001 publication)
42.10% of pregnant women with “bad obstetrical history” in Mumbai (2007 publication)
14% of women with a history of fetal wastage, vs. 4.9% of a control group (1970 publication)
Немног оСеверной Америки. США и Мексика. Просто для контраста.
Toxoplasmosis in Mexico
Seroprevalence surveys:
6.1% of pregnant women in Durango City (2006 publication)
8.2% of pregnant women in rural Durango (2008 publication)
23.8% of adults in rural Durango State (2008 publication)
7.4% of blood donors to 2 public blood banks; 1.9% were IgM positive (Durango, 2006)
18.2% of psychiatric inpatients and 8.9% in Durango City (2006 publication)
21.1% of waster pickers and 8.4% of waste workers in Durango (2008 publication)
Toxoplasmosis in USA
Seroprevalence surveys:
22.5% of Americans during 1988 to 1994; 15.8% during 1999 to 2000.
23.6% of persons 12 years of age or older (1988 to 1994)
14% of women ages 14 to 49 (1994)
10.8% among Americans ages 6 to 49 years, 11% of women ages 15 to 44 (1999 to 2004)
14.1% of American-born persons ages 12 to 49 years during 1988 to 1994; 9% during 1999 to 2004
14.9% of military recruits in 1965; 9.9% in 1989
Кросс! Как же так!??? Не работают отфонарные допускалки Ваши, про крыс и прочее, и про кошек даже местами…
Ей богу, у Вас, Dr.Admin, что-то с логикой не в порядке. Вы сами дали ссылку на карту, где видно, что наивысшая в мире заболеваемость в Индонезии и весьма высокая в арабских странах.
Почему спрашивается? Да потому, что там крысам-кошкам вольготно жить целый год, зим нет. Насекомые с риккетсийной инфекцией размножаются по многу циклов в год.
У Вас очень хорошо с логикой. С допущениями. Все просто, как палка. Но плохо с цифрами. Начинаешь смотреть цифры, и все котоклиматические теории в жопе.
Собственно, назовите любые страны, посмотрим данные.
Вот по Корее, например, как просили:
Toxoplasmosis in Republic of Korea
Seroprevalence surveys:
1.9% to 7.2% of hospitalized patients (1990 publication) [1]
6.6% of hospitalized patients in Daejeon (2009 publication) [2]
0.79% to 4.3% of pregnant women (2005 publication) [3]
3.7% of pregnant women (2008 publication) [4]
1.8% of middle school students
6.0% of males and 7.2% of females in rural Okcheon-gun (2000 publication) [5]
5.5% of high school students and 12.9% of adults on Cheju Island (2000 publication) [6]
7.7% of children below age 10 years hospitalized in Seoul (1999 publication) [7]
16.1% of stray cats in Gyeonggi-do (ELISA, 2008 publication) [8]
А вот ссылки на указанные источники по Корее на правильном языке:
1 Diagnosis and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Korea.
Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1990 Dec ;28 Suppl:41-4.
Author(s):
Choi WY
Abstract:
Toxoplasma gondii can cause congenital as well as postnatal toxoplasmosis in humans and animals, and thereby elicit various kinds and grades of clinical manifestations. In the human host, especially the congenital type gives rise to serious complications and sequelae such as blindness and hydrocephalus. Serological tests such as Sabin-Feldman dye test, indirect hemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, indirect latex agglutination test, agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and detection of circulating antigens or antibodies are popularly used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. In Korea, several local surveys during the past 20-30 years have shown that the antibody positive rates of patients in general hospitals ranged from 1.9% to 7.2%. Special clinical attention should be paid to immunocompromised patients, since immunosuppression is known to activate and aggravate latent toxoplasmosis, and in such cases the patients are often led to encephalitis, coma and death.
2 Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and characteristics of seropositive patients in general hospitals in Daejeon, Korea.
Korean J Parasitol 2009 Jun ;47(2):125-30.
Author(s):
Shin DW, Cha DY, Hua QJ, Cha GH, Lee YH
Abstract:
To figure out the epidemiological status and relevance with other diseases in toxoplasmosis, we checked serum IgG antibody titers of 1,265 patients and medical records of seropositive patients. Seropositive rates were 6.6% by latex agglutination test (LAT) and 6.7% by ELISA. No significant differences were detected between sexes and age groups. The peak seroprevalence was detected in the 40-49-year-old age group. According to clinical department, Toxoplasma-positive rates were high in patients in psychiatry, ophthalmology, health management, emergency medicine, and thoracic surgery. Major coincidental diseases in seropositive cases were malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, chronic hepatitis B, chronic renal diseases, schizophrenia, and acute lymphadenitis, in the order of frequency. In particular, some patients with chronic hepatitis B and malignant neoplasms had high antibody titers. These results revealed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in a general hospital-based study was similar to that in a community-based study, and T. gondii seropositivity may be associated with neoplasms, diabetes, and other chronic infections.
3 Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Korean pregnant women.
Korean J Parasitol 2005 Jun ;43(2):69-71.
Author(s):
Song KJ, Shin JC, Shin HJ, Nam HW
Abstract:
This study was performed in order to evaluate the sero-epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Korean women. Among 5,175 sera and 750 amniotic fluid samples obtained from pregnant women, 41 serum samples (0.79%) and 10 (1.33%) amniotic fluid samples tested positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Fifty one cases showing a score more than 0.25 on ELISA were tested for PCR reaction against the SAG1 gene. Only one case of the 51 ELISA positive cases exhibited a positive reaction on all tests. This case had a history of acute nephropyelitis during early pregnancy, but fortunately, had delivered a phenotypically healthy baby. In this study, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be comparatively low, consistent with previous reports from Korea. However our trials, performed with a variety of diagnostic tools, were considered to be useful for the precise diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.
4 Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors associated with seropositivity of pregnant women in Korea.
J Parasitol 2008 Mar 11;:1.
Author(s):
Han K, Shin DW, Lee TY, Lee YH
Abstract:
A total of 351 serum samples was examined for anti-T. gondii antibody titers, and the overall seroprevalence was 3.7%. The Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), latex agglutination test (LAT), and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgG ELISA) indicated seroprevalences of 3.7%, 3.4%, and 4.0%, respectively. Compared with the DT, the sensitivities of the LAT and IgG ELISA were 84.6% and 100.0%, respectively, and the specificities of the LAT and IgG ELISA were both 99.7%. An increase in T. gondii seroprevalence with increasing age was detected, but the difference was not significant. A multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that T. gondii infection was not associated with eating unwashed vegetables, drinking untreated water, a history of raising a cat, or blood transfusion; however, eating raw meat was significantly related with seropositivity. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii antibody titers in pregnant Korean women was relatively low compared to those of Europeans and Americans. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat may be the main route of T. gondii infection in Korea.
5 Seroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the rural area Okcheon-gun, Korea.
Korean J Parasitol 2000 Dec ;38(4):251-6.
Author(s):
Lee YH, Noh HJ, Hwang OS, Lee SK, Shin DW
Abstract:
There have been some reports about the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody among Koreans, and most of all data were taken from patients visiting hospitals. However, the epidemiological data of the community-based study in Korea are rare. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among the inhabitants of the rural area Okcheon-gun, Korea. A total of 1,109 serum samples (499 males, 610 females) were examined for the IgG antibodies by ELISA. To set up the cut-off point for ELISA, we used a commercial latex agglutination (LA) kit. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA against LA test were 89.5%, and 98.6% respectively. Among 1,109 sera, 6.9% showed seropositivity by ELISA. The positive rates of males and females were 6.0% and 7.2%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between sexes. Comparing the age groups, the highest seropositive rate showed in the seventies or higher, and their rates had a tendency to increase with age (0.05 < p < 0.3). These results revealed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in rural inhabitants is similar to previous reports in Korea; however we need further investigation to clarify the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the general population.
6 Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the residents of Cheju island, Korea.
Korean J Parasitol 2000 Jun ;38(2):91-3.
Author(s):
Yang HJ, Jin KN, Park YK, Hong SC, Bae JM, Lee SH, Choi HS, Hwang HS, Chung YB, Lee NS, Nam HW
Abstract:
This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among the residents of Cheju island. The sera of local students from 18 high schools (boys 2110, girls 2460) and those of adults (474 admitted to Cheju Chungang General Hospital) were collected and checked for the IgG antibody titers against Toxoplasma gondii. Serum samples collected from both the students and adults showed sero-positive rate of 5.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Although the rates were not significantly different between the sexes (5.4% for the boys and 5.5% for the girls attending school), the geographical difference showed a significant difference between the urban (4.6-6.9%) and rural areas (5.6-8.8%) (p < 0.05). Based on the high positive rates, it should be necessary to control toxoplasmosis in Cheju island.
7 Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers in sera of children admitted to the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital.
Korean J Parasitol 1999 Mar ;37(1):27-32.
Author(s):
Kook J, Lee HJ, Kim BI, Yun CK, Guk SM, Seo M, Park YK, Hong ST, Chai JY
Abstract:
A total of 542 children under 10 years of age, admitted to the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, was examined for antibody titers of Toxoplasma gondii using indirect latex agglutination (ILA) test. Among them, 7.7% showed positive titers higher than 1:32, without significant difference between males (7.3%) and females (8.5%). The seropositive rate increased with age although the statistical significance was negligible (0.05 < P < 0.1). By residential areas, the prevalence appeared higher among children from southern provinces (Kyongsang-do and Cholla do) than those from other areas, but the statistical significance was also very low (0.05 < P < 0.1). When the seropositive cases were analyzed by coincidental diseases, the prevalence was significantly higher in patients with congenital diseases than in patients with non-congenital diseases (P < 0.05). The results showed that the seropositive rate of toxoplasmosis in children examined was not high compared with other endemic countries. Some correlations are suggested between toxoplasmosis and congenital anomalies in Korea.
8 Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats of Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Korean J Parasitol 2008 Sep ;46(3):199-201.
Author(s):
Kim HY, Kim YA, Kang S, Lee HS, Rhie HG, Ahn HJ, Nam HW, Lee SE
Abstract:
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide distribution. It infects humans as well as a broad spectrum of vertebrate hosts. Cats and wild felidae play crucial roles in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This study was performed to survey the prevalence of T. gondii infection among stray cats in the Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 174 stray cat blood samples were collected from Gwacheon-si (n = 20), Bucheon-si (82), and Yangju-si (72). Positive sera for T. gondii were identified in 14 samples (8.1%) exclusively via the latex agglutination test, 28 (16.1%) via ELISA, and 23 (13.2%) via PCR analysis. The overall infection rate of female stray cats (29.2%) presented as higher than that of male cats (24.0%). This study suggests that T. gondii is widespread in the stray cat population of Gyeonggi-do, Korea. It is urgently needed to control urban stray cat population and to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission of toxoplasmosis to other animal hosts and humans.
9 Foodborne outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis.
J Infect Dis 1997 May ;175(5):1280-2.
Author(s):
Choi WY, Nam HW, Kwak NH, Huh W, Kim YR, Kang MW, Cho SY, Dubey JP
Abstract:
Two outbreaks of acute toxoplasmosis involving 8 adult patients in Korea were linked to eating uncooked pork. In the first outbreak, 3 patients developed unilateral chorioretinitis within 3 months of eating a meal consisting of raw spleen and liver of a wild pig. In the second outbreak, 5 of 11 soldiers who ate a meal consisting of raw liver of a domestic pig developed lymphadenopathy. All 8 patients had high levels of IgG Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (> or = 1:1024) in the Sabin-Feldman dye test, modified agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol, and latex agglutination test. T. gondii IgM antibodies persisted in these patients for several months. Most patients had a favorable response to anti-T. gondii chemotherapy with pyrimethamine and sulfanomides.
10 Porcine abortion outbreak associated with Toxoplasma gondii in Jeju Island, Korea.
J Vet Sci 2009 Jun ;10(2):147-51.
Author(s):
Kim JH, Kang KI, Kang WC, Sohn HJ, Jean YH, Park BK, Kim Y, Kim DY
Abstract:
This report deals with the acute onset of an abortion outbreak and high sow mortality in one pig herd consisted of 1,200 pigs and 120 sows on Jeju Island, Korea. Affected pregnant sows showed clinical signs, including high fever, gradual anorexia, vomiting, depression, recumbency, prostration, abortion, and a few deaths. Four dead sows, five aborted fetuses from the same litter, and 17 sera collected from sows infected or normal were submitted to the Pathology Division of the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service for diagnostic investigation. Grossly, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were observed in sows. Multiple necrotic foci were scattered in the lungs, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Microscopically, multifocal necrotizing lesions and protozoan tachyzoites were present in the lesions. Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii were detected immunohistochemically. Latex agglutination showed that the sera of 7 of 17 (41.2%) sows were positive for antibody to T. gondii. The disease outbreak in this herd was diagnosed as epizootic toxoplasmosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of porcine toxoplasmosis with a high abortion rate and sow mortality in Korea.
